Breeding and biotechnology approaches to enhance the nutritional quality of rapeseed byproducts for sustainable alternative protein sources- a critical review

Abstract

Global protein consumption is increasing exponentially, which requires efficient identification of potential, healthy, and simple protein sources to fulfil the demands. The existing sources of animal proteins are high in fat and low in fiber composition, which might cause serious health risks when consumed regularly. Moreover, protein production from animal sources can negatively affect the environment, as it often requires more energy and natural resources and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, finding alternative plant-based protein sources becomes indispensable. Rapeseed is an important oilseed crop and the world's third leading oil source. Rapeseed byproducts, such as seed cakes or meals, are considered the best alternative protein source after soybean owing to their promising protein profile (30%-60% crude protein) to supplement dietary requirements. After oil extraction, these rapeseed byproducts can be utilized as food for human consumption and animal feed. However, anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) like glucosinolates, phytic acid, tannins, and sinapines make them unsuitable for direct consumption. Techniques like microbial fermentation, advanced breeding, and genome editing can improve protein quality, reduce ANFs in rapeseed byproducts, and facilitate their usage in the food and feed industry. This review summarizes these approaches and offers the best bio-nutrition breakthroughs to develop nutrient-rich rapeseed byproducts as plant-based protein sources.

Keywords

rapeseed byproducts; nutritional enhancement; anti-nutritional factors; microbial fermentation; seed storage proteins; breeding strategies; genome editing

Published in

Frontiers in Plant Science
2024, volume: 15, article number: 1468675
Publisher: FRONTIERS MEDIA SA

SLU Authors

• Manikandan, Anandhavalli

  • Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    
  • Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

• Muthusamy, Sarala Devi

  • Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

• Wang, Eu Sheng

  • Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

• Ivarson, Emelie

  • Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

• Zhu, Li-Hua

  • Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

• Kanagarajan, Selvaraju

  • Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

UKÄ Subject classification

Agricultural Science

Publication identifier

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1468675

Permanent link to this page (URI)

https://res.slu.se/id/publ/139503