Gebresenbet, Girma
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Report2016
Sebastián, Fernando; Gebresenbet, Girma; Kern, Jürgen; Pari, Luigi; Dyjakon, Arkadiusz Dyjakon; Severin, Astrid; Sagarna, Juan; Lapeña, Adrián; Frackowiak, Pawel; Naldoni, Domenico; Bischoff, Wolf‐Anno; Olsson, Sven‐Olof; Kleinert, Lutz; López‐Duplá, José; Crespy, Laurent; Soulodre, Francois
EuroPruning aimed to optimise biomass from pruning logistics chain to make it cost‐effective and to ensure quality adequacy to final consumer needs. To define the quality specifications of the materials to be produced, an intensive survey to gather quality requirements from European consumers was carried out. The conclusions drew the requirements to be achieved: M35 (moisture content ≤ 35 w‐% ar); P45 particle size distribution (EN ISO 17225‐4:2014) or D1 bales (1.2 m diameter, 1.2 m length) and A3 (ash content ≤ 3 w‐% db) material. Europruning has developed specific equipment able to achieve those quality requirements, filling a technology gap and contributing to satisfy chain’s economic feasibility. On the one hand, a chipper (towed by a tractor) has been designed, constructed, tested and optimized for windrowing, picking, conveying, chipping and collecting the final P45 product in a single pass. Additionally, a system concept (baler and windrower) able to collect and compact pruning was also developed. The baler, trailed to the tractor, and the windrower, to be mounted on its front, windrow, rake and press pruning into D1 bales in a single pass. On the other hand, the project has developed an innovative logistics tool for optimising the pruning handling along the value chain. This Complete Logistics Smart System, which comprises a Smart Box and a Web‐Based Information system, sets a specific lot number, implements a label code, and gives a product delivery identification number allowing pruning traceability definition. The performance of all the equipment has been demonstrated under real environmental conditions working with different species and climate and procurement situations in demos performed in Spain, France and Germany. They included specific trainings for local farmers and some performance tests to accurately determine the equipment working operation conditions. Within the demos the material required for outdoor storage assessments was produced. These storage trials were carried out in three different climate conditions representing real situations of possible logistics centres based on pruning final products. Demos also included products validation in existing biomass boilers to complete the logistics chain. Demos were also used to evaluate quality along all the stages of the logistics chain. Moisture content decreased in the chain but in some cases, ash content increased in some stages. Rain, soil conditions, equipment collection system or loss of dry matter due to biological activity during storage were some of the causes. In order reduce quality degradation, favour drying process and reduce material losses along the whole value chain, several working recommendations were disseminated to all the stakeholders involved in the chain. The effect of wood pruning on soil chemistry, GHG emissions, nitrate leaching and soil erosion was also studied under a wide range of field conditions. Though several factors have to be taken into account, results showed at all demo sites that the use of pruning for energy purposes is not opposed to a sustainable soil management and long term soil fertility. Additionally, environmental, economic and social aspects impacts on the whole biomass from prunings logistics chain were analysed. Results allow stating that biomass from prunings could be placed in the market at competitive prices leading to positive environmental and social impacts, especially for certain yields, species and logistics chain.
Publisher: EuroPruning
Wood Science
https://res.slu.se/id/publ/103093