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Research article2020Peer reviewedOpen access

Outbreaking forest insect drives phase synchrony among sympatric folivores: Exploring potential mechanisms

Liebhold, Andrew M.; Bjorkman, Christer; Roques, Alain; Bjornstad, Ottar N.; Klapwijk, Maartje J.

Abstract

We explore a common feature of insect population dynamics, interspecific synchrony, which refers to synchrony in population dynamics among sympatric populations of different species. Such synchrony can arise via several possible mechanisms, including shared environmental effects and shared trophic interactions, but distinguishing the relative importance among different mechanisms can be challenging. We analyze interannual time series of population densities of the larch budmoth,Zeiraphera griseana(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), along with six sympatric larch-feeding folivores from a site in the European Alps 1952-1979. These species include five lepidopterans,Exapate duratella,Ptycholomoides aeriferana,Spilonota laricana,Epirrita autumnataandTeleiodes saltuum, and one hymenopteran sawflyPristiphora laricis. We document that the highly regular oscillatory behavior (period 9-10 years) ofZ.griseanapopulations is similarly evident in the dynamics of most of the sympatric folivores. We also find that all of the sympatric species are phase synchronized withZ.griseanapopulations with half of the sympatric species exhibiting nonlagged phase synchrony and three of the species exhibiting 2-5 year lags behindZ.griseanapopulations. We adapt a previously developed tritrophic model ofZ.griseanadynamics to explore possible mechanisms responsible for observed phase synchronization. Results suggest that either shared stochastic influences (e.g., weather) or shared parasitoid impacts are likely causes of nonlagged phase synchronization. The model further indicates that observed patterns of lagged phase synchronization are most likely caused by either shared delayed induced host plant defenses or direct density-dependent effects shared withZ.griseana.

Keywords

folivore; interspecific synchrony; outbreak; population dynamics; trophic

Published in

Population Ecology
2020, Volume: 62, number: 4, pages: 372-384
Publisher: WILEY

      SLU Authors

      • Associated SLU-program

      SLU Plant Protection Network

      UKÄ Subject classification

      Ecology

      Publication identifier

      DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-390X.12060

      Permanent link to this page (URI)

      https://res.slu.se/id/publ/107790