Baruah, Kartik
- Department of Applied Animal Science and Welfare, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Research article2020Peer reviewedOpen access
Romano, Nicholas; Renukdas, Nilima; Fischer, Hayden; Shrivastava, Jyotsna; Baruah, Kartik; Egnew, Nathan; Sinha, Amit Kumar
Goldfish (Carassius auratus) juveniles were exposed to virgin polyvinyl chloride microplastics (PVC-MPs) in triplicate at 0, 0.1 or 0.5 mg/L for four days. Afterwards, the histopathology of the gills, liver and intestines were examined, along with various antioxidant enzymes and indicators of oxidative damage (malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)), in the brain, liver and gills. In addition, we also studied the expression of hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) and growth hormone (GH) receptor, while cortisol receptor (CR) and cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) gene expression were assayed in both the liver and gills. Histological analysis revealed PVC-MPs in the intestines at 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L, along with substantially shorter villi. The gills appeared undamaged by PVC-MPs exposure and had limited or no effect to antioxidant activity, Na+/K+-ATPase and II tATPase activity or plasma ion levels, but there was a prominent upsurge of the detoxification enzymes glutatione S-transferase (GST) activity and CYP1A expression. Livers showed inflammation and some occurrences of hemorrhaging and necrosis at 0.5 mg/L. While the brain showed some evidence of oxidative damage, the liver was the most susceptible to oxidative damage, based on increased MDA, H2O2 and various antioxidant enzymes. Hepatic expression of IGFBP-1 and GH receptor were significantly downregulated at 0.5 mg/L while CR was upregulated. Results indicate that exposure to environmentally relevant PVC-MP can cause oxidative damage in the brain and liver, adverse histomorphological changes to the intestine and liver and alter the gene expression in goldfish.
Microplastics; Oxidative stress; Hemorrhaging; Antioxidant defense system; GH/IGF-1 axis
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part C: Toxicology and Pharmacology
2020, Volume: 238, article number: 108862Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
Environmental Sciences
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108862
https://res.slu.se/id/publ/108409