Research article - Peer-reviewed, 2021
Cashew Gum (Anacardium occidentale) as a Potential Source for the Production of Tocopherol-Loaded Nanoparticles: Formulation, Release Profile and Cytotoxicity
Loureiro, Kahynna C.; Jager, Alessandro; Pavlova, Ewa; Lima-Verde, Isabel B.; Stepanek, Petr; Sangenito, Leandro S.; Santos, Andre L. S.; Chaud, Marco, V; Barud, Hernane S.; Soares, Monica F. La R.; De Albuquerque-Junior, Ricardo L. C.; Cardoso, Juliana C.; Souto, Eliana B.; Mendonca, Marcelo da Costa; Severino, PatriciaAbstract
Every year, more than thirty thousand tons of Cashew gum (Anacardium occidentale, family: Anacardiaceae) are produced in Brazil; however, only a small amount is used for different applications in foodstuff and in pharmaceutical industries. As a raw material for the production of drug delivery systems, cashew gum is still regarded as an innovative compound worth to be exploited. In this work, cashew gum was extracted from the crude exudate of cashew tree employing four methodologies resulting in a light brown powder in different yields (40.61% to 58.40%). The total ashes (0.34% to 1.05%) and moisture (12.90% to 14.81%) were also dependent on the purification approach. FTIR spectra showed the typical bands of purified cashew gum samples, confirming their suitability for the development of a pharmaceutical product. Cashew gum nanoparticles were produced by nanoprecipitation resulting in particles of low polydispersity (<0.2) and an average size depending on the percentage of the oil. The zeta potential of nanoparticles was found to be below 20 mV, which promotes electrostatic stability. Encapsulation efficiencies were above 99.9%, while loading capacity increased with the increase of the percentage of the oil content of particles. The release of the oil from the nanoparticles followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics model, while particles did not show any signs of toxicity when tested in three distinct cell lines (LLC-MK2, HepG2, and THP-1). Our study highlights the potential added value of using a protein-, lignans-, and nucleic acids-enriched resin obtained from crude extract as a new raw material for the production of drug delivery systems.Keywords
cashew gum; nanoparticles; tocopherol; resin; drug delivery; nanoprecipitationPublished in
Applied Sciences2021, volume: 11, number: 18, article number: 8467
Publisher: MDPI
Authors' information
Loureiro, Kahynna C.
Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Loureiro, Kahynna C.
Universidade Tiradentes
Jager, Alessandro
Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Pavlova, Ewa
Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Lima Verde, Isabel (Lima Verde, Isabel)
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences
Stepanek, Petr
Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Sangenito, Leandro S.
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Santos, Andre L. S.
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Chaud, Marco V.
Universidade de Sorocaba (UNISO)
Barud, Hernane S.
Univ Araraquara Uniara
Soares, Monica F. La R.
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
De Albuquerque-Junior, Ricardo L. C.
Universidade Tiradentes
Cardoso, Juliana C.
Universidade Tiradentes
Souto, Eliana B.
Universidade de Coimbra
Souto, Eliana B.
Universidade do Minho
Mendonca, Marcelo da Costa
Universidade Tiradentes
Severino, Patricia
Universidade Tiradentes
UKÄ Subject classification
Nano-technology
Publication Identifiers
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app11188467
URI (permanent link to this page)
https://res.slu.se/id/publ/113895