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Research article2023Peer reviewedOpen access

Climate Assessment of Vegetable Oil and Biodiesel from Camelina Grown as an Intermediate Crop in Cereal-Based Crop Rotations in Cold Climate Regions

Potter, Hanna Karlsson; Yacout, Dalia M. M.; Henryson, Kajsa

Abstract

The oilseed crop winter camelina (Camelina sativa) is attracting increasing interest for biofuel production. This study assessed the climate impacts of growing camelina as an intermediate crop in northern Europe (Sweden) for the production of vegetable oil and biofuel. Climate impacts were analyzed using life cycle assessment (LCA), while impacts on biodiversity and eutrophication were discussed. Three functional units were considered: 1 ha of land use, 1 kg of oil, and 1 MJ biofuel (hydrogenated vegetable oil, HVO). The results showed that dry matter yield over the whole crop rotation was higher in the camelina crop rotation, despite the lower yield of peas due to relay cropping with camelina. In the whole camelina crop rotation, fat production more than doubled, protein and fiber production marginally increased, and the production of carbohydrates decreased. Higher climate impacts related to field operations and fertilizer use in the camelina crop rotation, with associated N2O emissions, were compensated for by increased soil carbon accumulation due to the increased return of organic matter from the additional crop in the rotation. The total climate impact was around 0.5 kg CO2 eq/kg camelina oil when macronutrient allocation was used. The global warming potential was 15 g CO2 eq/MJ HVO, or 27 g CO2 eq/MJ HVO when soil organic carbon effects were not included, representing an 84% and 71% reduction, respectively, compared with fossil fuels.

Keywords

life cycle assessment; Camelina sativa; cover crop; northern Europe; biofuel

Published in

Sustainability
2023, Volume: 15, number: 16, article number: 12574
Publisher: MDPI

      SLU Authors

        • Sustainable Development Goals

        Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
        Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
        Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

        UKÄ Subject classification

        Renewable Bioenergy Research
        Environmental Sciences

        Publication identifier

        DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612574

        Permanent link to this page (URI)

        https://res.slu.se/id/publ/126325