Encapsulation of Citrus By-Product Extracts by Spray-Drying and Freeze-Drying Using Combinations of Maltodextrin with Soybean Protein and -Carrageenan

Abstract

The effect of different combinations of maltodextrin (MD) coating agents (MD, MD + soybean protein, and MD + -carrageenan) on the encapsulation of lemon by-product aqueous extracts using freeze-drying and spray-drying were investigated. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the microparticles were evaluated. Freeze-drying with the mixture of MD + soybean protein resulted in the highest retention of TPC, TFC, and FRAP (1.66 +/- 0.02 mg GAE/g d.b., 0.43 +/- 0.02 mg CE/g d.b., and 3.70 +/- 0.05 mM TE/g, respectively). Freeze-drying resulted in microparticles with lower moisture content (MC) and water activity (a(w)) than those produced by spray-drying. Specifically, the MC and a(w) of the microparticles produced by freeze-drying ranged from 1.15 to 2.15% and 0.13 to 0.14, respectively, while the MC and a(w) of the microparticles produced by spray-drying ranged from 6.06% to 6.60% and 0.33 to 0.40, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that spray-drying resulted in the formation of spherical particles of different sizes regardless of the type of coating agent. Although freeze-drying resulted in microparticles with amorphous glassy shapes, the mixture of MD + soybean protein resulted in the formation of spherical porous particles. X-ray diffraction revealed a low degree of crystallinity for the samples produced by both techniques.

Keywords

citrus by-products; encapsulation; phenolic compounds; antioxidant capacity; polysaccharides; protein

Published in

Foods
2018, volume: 7, number: 7, article number: 115
Publisher: MDPI

SLU Authors

• Papoutsis, Konstantinos

  • University of Newcastle

UKÄ Subject classification

Food Science

Publication identifier

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods7070115

Permanent link to this page (URI)

https://res.slu.se/id/publ/131915