Research article - Peer-reviewed, 2009
Metabolic stress-like condition can be induced by prolonged strenuous exercise in athletes
Branth, Stefan; Hambraeus, Leif; Piehl-Aulin, Karin; Essen-Gustavsson, Birgitta; Akerfeldt, Torbjoern; Olsson, Roger; Stridsberg, Mats; Ronquist, GunnarAbstract
Few studies have examined energy metabolism during prolonged, strenuous exercise. We wanted therefore to investigate energy metabolic consequences of a prolonged period of continuous strenuous work with very high energy expenditure. Twelve endurance-trained athletes (6 males and 6 females) were recruited. They performed a 7-h bike race on high work-load intensity. Physiological, biochemical, endocrinological, and anthropometric muscular compartment variables were monitored before, during, and after the race. The energy expenditure was high, being 5557 kcal. Work-load intensity (% of VO2 peak) was higher in females (77.7%) than in men (69.9%). Muscular glycogen utilization was pronounced, especially in type I fibres (90%). Additionally, muscular triglyceride lipolysis was considerably accelerated. Plasma glucose levels were increased concomitantly with an unchanged serum insulin concentration which might reflect an insulin resistance state in addition to proteolytic glyconeogenesis. Increased reactive oxygen species (malondialdehyde (MDA)) were additional signs of metabolic stress. MDA levels correlated with glycogen utilization rate. A relative deficiency of energy substrate on a cellular level was indicated by increased intracellular water of the leg muscle concomitantly with increased extracellular levels of the osmoregulatory amino acid taurine. A kindred nature of a presumed insulin-resistant state with less intracellular availability of glucose for erythrocytes was also indicated by the findings of decreased MCV together with increased MCHC (haemoconcentration) after the race. This strenuous energy-demanding work created a metabolic stress-like condition including signs of insulin resistance and deteriorated intracellular glucose availability leading to compromised fuelling of ion pumps, culminating in a disturbed cellular osmoregulation indicated by taurine efflux and cellular swelling.Keywords
Cellular swelling; energy expenditure; lipid peroxidation; metabolism; myocytes; taurine effluxPublished in
Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences2009, volume: 114, number: 1, pages: 12-25
Authors' information
Branth, Stefan
Uppsala University
Hambraeus, Leif
Piehl-Aulin, Karin
Örebro University
Essen-Gustavsson, Birgitta
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences
Lundstedt, Torbjörn
Uppsala University
Olsson, Roger
Stridsberg, Mats
Uppsala University
Ronquist, Gunnar
UKÄ Subject classification
Animal and Dairy Science
Veterinary Science
Publication Identifiers
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03009730802579778
URI (permanent link to this page)
https://res.slu.se/id/publ/28065