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Research article2004Peer reviewedOpen access

Cloning and overproduction of gibberellin 3-oxidase in hybrid aspen trees. Effects of gibberellin homeostasis and development

Israelsson M, Mellerowicz E, Chono M, Gullberg J, Moritz T

Abstract

To broaden our understanding of gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and the mechanism whereby GA homeostasis is maintained in plants, we have investigated the degree to which the enzyme GA 3-oxidase (GA3ox) limits the formation of bioactive GAs in elongating shoots of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x Populus trenuloides). We describe the cloning of a hybrid aspen GA3ox and its functional characterization, which confirmed that it has 3beta-hydroxylation activity and more efficiently converts GA, to GA(4) than GA(20) to GA(1). To complement previous studies, in which transgenic GA 20-oxidase (GA20ox) overexpressers were found to produce 20-fold higher bioactive GA levels and subsequently grew faster than wild-type plants, we overexpressed an Arabidopsis GA3ox in hybrid aspen. The generated GA3ox overexpresser lines had increased 3beta-hydroxylation activity but exhibited no major changes in morphology. The nearly unaltered growth pattern was associated with relatively small changes in GA(1) and GA(4) levels, although tissue-dependent differences were observed. The absence of increases in bioactive GA levels did not appear to be due to feedback or feed-forward regulation of dioxygenase transcripts, according to semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of PttGA20ox1, PttGA3ox1, and two putative PttGA2ox genes. We conclude that 20-oxidation is the limiting step, rather than 3beta-hydroxylation, in the formation of GA(1) and GA(4) in elongating shoots of hybrid aspen, and that ectopic GA3ox expression alone cannot increase the flux toward bioactive GAs. Finally, several lines of evidence now suggest that GA(4) has a more pivotal role in the tree hybrid aspen than previously believed

Published in

Plant Physiology
2004, Volume: 135, number: 1, pages: 221-230
Publisher: AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS