Abstract

This paper presents a biogeochemical model developed for a clarification pond receiving ammonium nitrogen rich discharge water from the Boliden concentration plant located in northern Sweden. Present knowledge about nitrogen (N) transformations in lakes is compiled in a dynamic model that calculates concentrations of the six N species (state variables) ammonium-N (N(am)), nitrate-N (N(ox)), dissolved organic N in water (N(org)), N in phytoplankton (N(pp)), in macrophytes (N(mp)) and in sediment (N(sed)). It also simulates the rate of 16 N transformation processes occurring in the water column and sediment as well as water-sediment and water-atmosphere interactions. The model was programmed in the software Powersim using 2008 data, whilst validation was performed using data from 2006 to 2007. The sensitivity analysis showed that the state variables are most sensitive to changes in the coefficients related to the temperature dependence of the transformation processes. A six-year simulation of N(am) showed stable behaviour over time. The calibrated model rendered coefficients of determination (R(2)) of 0.93, 0.79 and 0.86 for N(am), N(ox) and N(org) respectively. Performance measures quantitatively expressing the deviation between modelled and measured data resulted in values close to zero, indicating a stable model structure. The simulated denitrification rate was on average five times higher than the ammonia volatilisation rate and about three times higher than the permanent burial of N(sed) and, hence, the most important process for the permanent removal of N. The model can be used to simulate possible measures to reduce the nitrogen load and, after some modification and recalibration, it can be applied at other mine sites affected by N rich effluents. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords

Process water; Ammonium; Natural removal; Biogeochemical modelling; Northern Sweden; Boliden

Published in

Science of the Total Environment
2011, Volume: 409, number: 21, pages: 4585-4595

SLU Authors

• Ecke, Frauke

  • Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    
  • Luleå University of Technology

Sustainable Development Goals

SDG6 Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all


UKÄ Subject classification

Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use
Fish and Aquacultural Science


Publication identifier

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.07.024

Permanent link to this page (URI)

https://res.slu.se/id/publ/36947