Abstract

In a study of purine alkaloid catabolism pathways in coffee, C-14-labelled theobromine, caffeine, theophylline and xanthine were incubated with leaves of Coffea arabica. Incorporation of label into (CO2)-C-14 was determined and methanol-soluble metabolites were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography-radiocounting. The data obtained demonstrate catabolism of caffeine --> theophylline --> 3-methylxanthine --> xanthine. Xanthine is degraded further by the conventional purine catabolism pathway to CO2 and NH3 via uric acid, allantoin and allantoic acid. The conversion of caffeine to theophylline is the rate-limiting step in purine alkaloid catabolism and provides a ready explanation for the high concentration of endogenous caffeine found in C. arabica leaves. Although theobromine is converted primarily to caffeine, a small portion of the theobromine pool appears to be degraded to xanthine by a caffeine-independent pathway. In addition to being broken down to CO2, via the purine catabolism pathway, xanthine is metabolised to 7-methylxanthine. Metabolism of [2-C-14]xanthine by C. arabica leaves in the presence of 5 mM allopurinol results in very large increases in incorporation of radioactivity into 7-methylxanthine as degradation of the substrate via the purine catabolism pathway is blocked. The identity of 7-methylxanthine in these studies was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.

Keywords

caffeine; catabolism pathways; Coffea; purine alkaloids

Published in

Planta
1996, Volume: 198, number: 3, pages: 334-339
Publisher: SPRINGER VERLAG

SLU Authors

• Moritz, Thomas

  • Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

UKÄ Subject classification

Botany


Publication identifier

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00620048

Permanent link to this page (URI)

https://res.slu.se/id/publ/42907