Kirchmann, Holger
- Department of Soil Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Research article1991Peer reviewed
Kirchmann, Holger
Fors soil (Tierp) is classified as an illitic, calcareous, frigid Udic Haploboroll according to the Soil Taxonomy and as a Calcaric Phaeozem in the FAO-system. It is a silty soil consisting of a thick dark brown coloured A-horizon and a subsoil rich in calcium carbonate and bases. Kungsangen soil (Uppsala) is classified as a fine, illitic, frigid Typic Haplaquept according to the Soil Taxonomy and as a Gleyic Cambisol in the FAO-system. It is an acid sulfate clay soil (gyttja clay) consisting of a grayish-brown A-horizon and a gray, highly mottled subsoil. The Fors profile consisted of 13% clay, 42% silt (2-60-mu-m) and 55% sand, on average. The textural composition of the Kungsangen profile was 57% clay, 26% silt and 17% sand. The bulk density in the Fors profile was rather constant (1.49 +/- 0.02 kg dm-3) but decreased in the Kungsangen soil below 0.6 m depth from 1.31 to 0.91 kg dm-3 due to high content of organic matter, strong aggregation and crack formation. Amounts of plant available water at a groundwater table of 1 m were 281 and 208 mm in the Fors and Kungsangen profiles, respectively. Amounts of carbon and nitrogen in the Fors soil were 111.3 tonnes C ha-1 and 10.7 tonnes N ha-1 in the A-horizon, the underlying horizons within one meter depth contained less organic material amounting to 18.2 tonnes C ha-1 and 1.7 tonnes N ha-1. However, in the Kungsangen soil more carbon and nitrogen was found in the B-horizon, amounting to 120.9 t C ha-1 and 19.2 t N ha-1, than in the A-horizon containing 78.5 t C ha-1 and 9.5 t N ha-1. The Fors and Kungsangen soils fixed ammonium nitrogen amounting to 0. 12 and 0.49 meq NH4+-N 100 g-1 soil in the A-horizon, respectively, The calcium carbonate content was 3.5% in the A-horizon of the Fors soil and 35-40% in the subsoil. Base saturation was throughout 100%. Base saturation in the Kungsangen soil decreased from 99% in the A-horizon to 39% in the CB-horizons. The main clay mineral in both soils was found to be illite, amounting to 53-74%, followed by mixed-layer minerals. Kaolinite represented less than 10% and chlorite less than 15% in both soils. Vermiculite (< 10%) was found in the deeper horizons of the Fors soil but not in the Kungsangen profile.
TEXTURE; PARTICLE AND BULK DENSITY; POROSITY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; WATER RETENTION CHARACTERISTICS; ORGANIC MATTER; ION EXCHANGE VALUES; MINERALOGY
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica
1991, Volume: 41, number: 3, pages: 227-242
Publisher: ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD AGR FOREST
Soil Science
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00015129109439905
https://res.slu.se/id/publ/44235