Abstract

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to determine folate profiles for various flours and bread from Norway and Sweden. The following ranges in total folate (expressed in mu g folic acid equivalents/100 g fresh weight (FW)) were found in Norwegian/Swedish samples: sifted wheat flour (14-20/4-7), wholegrain wheat flour (34-47/20-40), wheat bran (94/109), sifted rye flour(12-30/26-31),wholegrain rye flour (23-50/48-79), rolled oats (21/26), oat bran (27/46), soft bread (17-33/14-40), and crisp bread (40-80, all from Sweden). Generally, Norwegian sifted and wholegrain wheat flours were richer in folate compared with Swedish samples. Conversely, Swedish rye flours were richer in folate than Norwegian samples. Folate content in bread was slightly higher in Swedish samples, especially for crisp bread. The major folate forms found in cereals were 5-HCO-H(4)folate, 10-HCO-H(4)folate and 5-CH(3)-H(4)folate. A higher content of 5-CH(3)-H(4)folate was found in bread than in flour, due to yeast; indeed, 45-70% of the folate found in bread was estimated to originate from baker's yeast. Among the breads, those with the highest folate content were crisp bread made from rye and yeast. Most soft breads were moderate folate sources, even though they were baked with wholemeal flours. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Keywords

Folate; Vitamin; Flour; Bread; Cereal products; Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; Folate determination; Norway; Sweden; Food analysis; Food composition

Published in

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
2009, Volume: 22, number: 7-8, pages: 649-656
Publisher: ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE

SLU Authors

• Patring, Johan

  • Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

• Jägerstad, Margaretha

  • Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

UKÄ Subject classification

Food Science


Publication identifier

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2009.02.007

Permanent link to this page (URI)

https://res.slu.se/id/publ/49000