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Research article2009Peer reviewed

Peepoo bag: self-sanitising single use biodegradable toilet

Vinnerås, Björn; Hedenqvist, M; Nordin, Annika; Wilhelmsson, A

Abstract

Unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene together with deficient nutritional status are major contributors to the global burden of disease. Safe collection, disposal and reuse of human excreta would enable the risk of transmission of diseases to be decreased and household food security to be increased in many regions. However, the majority of the 2.5 billion people lacking improved sanitation comprise poor people in societies with weak infrastructure. This study developed a low cost sanitation option requiring little investment and maintenance-a single use, self-sanitising, biodegradable toilet (Peepoo bag) and tested it for smell, degradability and hygiene aspects. It was found that no smell was detectable from a 25 mu m thick bag filled with faeces during 24 h in a 10m(2) room at 30 degrees C. Bags that had been in contact with urea-treated faeces or urine for 2 months in air, compost or water at 24 or 37 degrees C showed little signs of degradation. Furthermore, pathogen inactivation modelling of the 4 g of urea present in the bag indicated that appropriate sanitation of faecal material collected is achieved in the bag within 2-4 weeks, after which the bag can be degraded and reused as fertiliser.

Keywords

biodegradable plastics; disease prevention; human excreta; nutrient reuse; sanitation; single-use toilet

Published in

Water Science and Technology
2009, Volume: 59, number: 9, pages: 1743-1749
Publisher: I W A PUBLISHING

      SLU Authors

      • Sustainable Development Goals

      End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
      Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
      Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
      Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

      UKÄ Subject classification

      Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use

      Publication identifier

      DOI: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.184

      Permanent link to this page (URI)

      https://res.slu.se/id/publ/49911