Abstract

Afforestation has been proposed as a strategy to mitigate the often high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural soils with high organic matter content. However, the carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes after afforestation can be considerable, depending predominantly on site drainage and nutrient availability. Studies on the full GHG budget of afforested organic soils are scarce and hampered by the uncertainties associated with methodology. In this study we determined the GHG budget of a spruce-dominated forest on a drained organic soil with an agricultural history. Two different approaches for determining the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) were applied, for the year 2008, one direct (eddy covariance) and the other indirect (analyzing the different components of the GHG budget), so that uncertainties in each method could be evaluated. The annual tree production in 2008 was 8.3 +/- 3.9 tC ha(-1) yr(-1) due to the high levels of soil nutrients, the favorable climatic conditions and the fact that the forest was probably in its phase of maximum C assimilation or shortly past it. The N2O fluxes were determined by the closed-chamber technique and amounted to 0.9 +/- 0.8 t C-eq ha(-1) yr(-1). According to the direct measurements from the eddy covariance technique, the site acts as a minor GHG sink of -1.2 +/- 0.8 t C-eq ha(-1) yr(-1). This contrasts with the NEE estimate derived from the indirect approach which suggests that the site is a net GHG emitter of 0.6 +/- 4.5 t C-eq ha(-1) yr(-1). Irrespective of the approach applied, the soil CO2 effluxes counter large amounts of the C sequestration by trees. Due to accumulated uncertainties involved in the indirect approach, the direct approach is considered the more reliable tool. As the rate of C sequestration will likely decrease with forest age, the site will probably become a GHG source once again as the trees do not compensate for the soil C and N losses. Also forests in younger age stages have been shown to have lower C assimilation rates; thus, the overall GHG sink potential of this afforested nutrient-rich organic soil is probably limited to the short period of maximum C assimilation.

Published in

Biogeosciences
2013, Volume: 10, number: 11, pages: 7739-7758
Publisher: COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH

SLU Authors

• Tarvainen, Lasse

  • Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

• Ernfors, Maria

  • Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

• Grelle, Achim

  • Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

Sustainable Development Goals

Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss


UKÄ Subject classification

Forest Science


Publication identifier

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7739-2013

Permanent link to this page (URI)

https://res.slu.se/id/publ/53152