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Research article2013Peer reviewedOpen access

Crystal Structure and Computational Characterization of the Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase GH61D from the Basidiomycota Fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Wu, Miao; Beckham, Gregg T.; Suarez Larsson, Anna; Ishida, Takuya; Kim, Seonah; Payne, Christina M.; Himmel, Michael E.; Crowley, Michael F.; Horn, Svein Jarle; Westereng, Bjorge; Igarashi, Kiyohiko; Samejima, Masahiro; Ståhlberg, Jerry; Eijsink, Vincent G. H.; Sandgren, Mats

Abstract

Carbohydrate structures are modified and degraded in the biosphere by a myriad of mostly hydrolytic enzymes. Recently, lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMOs) were discovered as a new class of enzymes for cleavage of recalcitrant polysaccharides that instead employ an oxidative mechanism. LPMOs employ copper as the catalytic metal and are dependent on oxygen and reducing agents for activity. LPMOs are found in many fungi and bacteria, but to date no basidiomycete LPMO has been structurally characterized. Here we present the three-dimensional crystal structure of the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium GH61D LPMO, and, for the first time, measure the product distribution ofLPMOaction on a lignocellulosic substrate. The structure reveals a copper-bound active site common to LPMOs, a collection of aromatic and polar residues near the binding surface that may be responsible for regioselectivity, and substantial differences in loop structures near the binding face compared with other LPMO structures. The activity assays indicate that this LPMO primarily produces aldonic acids. Last, molecular simulations reveal conformational changes, including the binding of several regions to the cellulose surface, leading to alignment of three tyrosine residues on the binding face of the enzyme with individual cellulose chains, similar to what has been observed for family 1 carbohydrate-binding modules. A calculated potential energy surface for surface translation indicates that P. chrysosporium GH61D exhibits energy wells whose spacing seems adapted to the spacing of cellobiose units along a cellulose chain.

Published in

Journal of Biological Chemistry
2013, Volume: 288, number: 18, pages: 12828-12839
Publisher: AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC

      SLU Authors

    • Wu, Miao

      • Department of Molecular Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

      • Suarez Larsson, Anna

        • Department of Molecular Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

          • Ståhlberg, Jerry

            • Department of Molecular Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

            • Sandgren, Mats

              • Department of Molecular Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

            UKÄ Subject classification

            Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
            Structural Biology
            Renewable Bioenergy Research

            Publication identifier

            DOI: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.459396

            Permanent link to this page (URI)

            https://res.slu.se/id/publ/53156