Abstract

Tree phenology has been recognized as an important indicator of climate change, and a wide range of budburst models have been developed. The models differ in temperature sensitivity, and the choice of model can therefore influence the result of climate impact assessments. In this study we compared the ability of 15 models to simulate budburst of the main forest tree species in Sweden. Records on the timing of budburst, available for 1873-1918 and 1966-2011, were used for model evaluation. The predefined models, having different chilling, competence and forcing modules, represented different hypothesis on temperature impact on tree phenology. We extracted the model-specific forcing units accumulated by the observed day of budburst, and tested for covariation with bio-climatic gradients. For all tree species, most models indicated a negative relation between forcing requirement and latitude, which may indicate provenance specific adaptations. The thermal continentality index, which in Sweden is highly correlated with latitude, did provide some additional explanation for the period of 1873-1918 but not for the period of 1966-2011. For most model- and tree species combinations, temperature anomalies explain a significant part of the variability in forcing units accumulated at day of budburst. This indicates that the budburst models were not able to fully track the response to inter-annual variations in temperature conditions, probably due to difficulties in capturing species and provenance specific chilling requirement, day length response and impact of spring backlashes. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords

Tree phenology; Budburst model; Temperature sums; Forcing units

Published in

Ecological Modelling
2013, Volume: 266, pages: 103-117
Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

SLU Authors

• Bolmgren, Kjell

  • Unit for Field-based Forest Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

Sustainable Development Goals

Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts


UKÄ Subject classification

Ecology
Environmental Sciences


Publication identifier

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.06.026

Permanent link to this page (URI)

https://res.slu.se/id/publ/54807