Water relations of evergreen and drought-deciduous trees along a seasonally dry tropical forest chronosequence

Abstract

Seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) are characterized by pronounced seasonality in rainfall, and as a result trees in these forests must endure seasonal variation in soil water availability. Furthermore, SDTF on the northern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, have a legacy of disturbances, thereby creating a patchy mosaic of different seral stages undergoing secondary succession. We examined the water status of six canopy tree species, representing contrasting leaf phenology (evergreen vs. drought-deciduous) at three seral stages along a fire chronosequence in order to better understand strategies that trees use to overcome seasonal water limitations. The early-seral forest was characterized by high soil water evaporation and low soil moisture, and consequently early-seral trees exhibited lower midday bulk leaf water potentials (I(L)) relative to late-seral trees (-1.01 +/- A 0.14 and -0.54 +/- A 0.07 MPa, respectively). Although I(L) did not differ between evergreen and drought-deciduous trees, results from stable isotope analyses indicated different strategies to overcome seasonal water limitations. Differences were especially pronounced in the early-seral stage where evergreen trees had significantly lower xylem water delta(18)O values relative to drought-deciduous trees (-2.6 +/- A 0.5 and 0.3 +/- A 0.6aEuro degrees, respectively), indicating evergreen species used deeper sources of water. In contrast, drought-deciduous trees showed greater enrichment of foliar (18)O (a dagger(18)O(l)) and (13)C, suggesting lower stomatal conductance and greater water-use efficiency. Thus, the rapid development of deep roots appears to be an important strategy enabling evergreen species to overcome seasonal water limitation, whereas, in addition to losing a portion of their leaves, drought-deciduous trees minimize water loss from remaining leaves during the dry season.

Keywords

Groundwater; Resource partitioning; Stable isotopes; Water-use efficiency; Yucatan Peninsula

Published in

Oecologia
2010, volume: 164, number: 4, pages: 881-890
Publisher: SPRINGER

SLU Authors

• Hasselquist, Niles

  • Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    
  • University of California

UKÄ Subject classification

Ecology
Botany

Publication identifier

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-010-1725-y

Permanent link to this page (URI)

https://res.slu.se/id/publ/59994