Landberg, Rikard
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
- Karolinska Institute
Research article2014Peer reviewedOpen access
Marklund, Matti; Strömberg, Eric A.; Laerke, H. N.; Bach Knudsen, K. E.; Kamal-Eldin, Afaf; Hooker, Andrew; Landberg, Rikard
Background: Alkylresorcinols have proven to be useful biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake in many nutritional studies. To improve their utility, more knowledge regarding the fate of alkylresorcinols and their metabolites after consumption is needed.Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a combined pharmacokinetic model for plasma concentrations of alkylresorcinols and their 2 major metabolites, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid (DHPPA).Methods: The model was established by using plasma samples collected from 3 women and 2 men after a single dose (120 g) of rye bran and validated against fasting plasma concentrations from 8 women and 7 men with controlled rye bran intake 123, 45, or 90 g/d). Alkylresorcinols in the lymph and plasma of a pig fed a single alkylresorcinol dose (1.3 mmol) were quantified to assess absorption. Human ileostomal effluent and pig bile after high and low alkylresorcinol doses were analyzed to evaluate biliary alkylresorcinol metabolite excretion.Results: The model contained 2 absorption compartments: 1 that transferred alkylresorcinols directly to the systematic circulation and 1 in which a proportion of absorbed alkylresorcinols was metabolized before reaching the systemic circulation. Plasma concentrations of alkylresorcinols and their metabolites depended on absorption and formation, respectively, and the mean +/- SEM terminal elimination half-life of alkylresorcinols (1.9 +/- 0.59 h), DHPPA (1.5 +/- 0.26 h), and DHBA (1.3 +/- 0.22 h) did not differ. The model accurately predicted alkylresorcinol and DHBA concentrations after repeated alkylresorcinol intake but DHPPA concentration was overpredicted, possibly because of poorly modeled enterohepatic circulation. During the 8 h following administration, <2% of the alkylresorcinol dose was recovered in the lymph. DHPPA was identified in both human ileostomal effluent and pig bile, indicating availability of DHPPA for absorption and enterohepatic circulation.Conclusion: Intact alkylresorcinols have advantages over DHBA and DHPPA as plasma biomarkers for whole-grain wheat and rye intake because of lower susceptibility to factors other than alkylresorcinol intake.
Journal of Nutrition
2014, Volume: 144, number: 11, pages: 1674-1680
Publisher: AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN
Food Science
Nutrition and Dietetics
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.196220
https://res.slu.se/id/publ/66814