Abstract

Conclusions and clinical relevanceAn equine pain face comprising low' and/or asymmetrical' ears, an angled appearance of the eyes, a withdrawn and/or tense stare, mediolaterally dilated nostrils and tension of the lips, chin and certain facial muscles can be recognized in horses during induced acute pain. This description of an equine pain face may be useful for improving tools for pain recognition in horses with mild to moderate pain.

Keywords

experimental study; horses; pain behavior; pain evaluation; pain face

Published in

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
2015, volume: 42, number: 1, pages: 103-114

Authors' information