Abstract

The ability of bone graft substitutes to promote new bone formation has been increasingly used in the medical field to repair skeletal defects or to replace missing bone in a broad range of applications in dentistry and orthopedics. A common way to assess such materials is via micro computed tomography (mu-CT), through the density information content provided by the absorption of X-rays. Information on the chemical composition of a material can be obtained via Raman spectroscopy. By investigating a bone sample from miniature pigs containing the bone graft substitute Bio Oss((R)), we pursued the target of assessing to what extent the density information gained by mu-CT imaging matches the chemical information content provided by Raman spectroscopic imaging. Raman images and Raman correlation maps of the investigated sample were used in order to generate a Raman based segmented image by means of an agglomerative, hierarchical cluster analysis. The resulting segments, showing chemically related areas, were subsequently compared with the mu-CT image by means of a one-way ANOVA. We found out that to a certain extent typical gray-level values (and the related histograms) in the mu-CT image can be reliably related to specific segments within the image resulting from the cluster analysis.

Keywords

X-ray micro computed tomography; Raman spectroscopy; bone; Bio-Oss((R)); cluster analysis; image segmentation

Published in

Materials
2015, volume: 8, number: 7, pages: 3831-3853
Publisher: MDPI AG

Authors' information