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Research article - Peer-reviewed, 2017

Resetting microbiota by Lactobacillus reuteri inhibits T reg deficiency–induced autoimmunity via adenosine A2A receptors

He, Baokun; Hoang, Thomas K.; Wang, Ting; Ferris, Michael; Taylor, Christopher M.; Tian, Xiangjun; Luo, Meng; Tran, Dat Q.; Zhou, Jain; Tatevian, Nina; Luo, Fayong; Molina, Jose G.; Blackburn, Michael R.; Gomez, Thomas H.; Roos, Stefan; Rhoads, J. Marc; Liu, Yuying

Abstract

Regulatory T (T reg) cell deficiency causes lethal, CD4(+) T cell-driven autoimmune diseases. Stem cell transplantation is used to treat these diseases, but this procedure is limited by the availability of a suitable donor. The intestinal microbiota drives host immune homeostasis by regulating the differentiation and expansion of T reg, Th1, and Th2 cells. It is currently unclear if T reg cell deficiency-mediated autoimmune disorders can be treated by targeting the enteric microbiota. Here, we demonstrate that Foxp3(+) T reg cell deficiency results in gut microbial dysbiosis and autoimmunity over the lifespan of scurfy (SF) mouse. Remodeling microbiota with Lactobacillus reuteri prolonged survival and reduced multiorgan inflammation in SF mice. L. reu-teri changed the metabolomic profile disrupted by T reg cell deficiency, and a major effect was to restore levels of the purine metabolite inosine. Feeding inosine itself prolonged life and inhibited multiorgan inflammation by reducing Th1/Th2 cells and their associated cytokines. Mechanistically, the inhibition of inosine on the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells in vitro depended on adenosine A(2A) receptors, which were also required for the efficacy of inosine and of L. reuteri in vivo. These results reveal that the microbiota-inosine-A(2A) receptor axis might represent a potential avenue for combatting autoimmune diseases mediated by T reg cell dysfunction.

Published in

Journal of Experimental Medicine
2017, Volume: 214, number: 1, pages: 107-123

    UKÄ Subject classification

    Medical Biotechnology (with a focus on Cell Biology (including Stem Cell Biology), Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry or Biopharmacy)
    Immunology
    Microbiology

    Publication Identifiers

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20160961

    Permanent link to this page (URI)

    https://res.slu.se/id/publ/83466