Nutrient Recovery and Recycling from Human Urine: A Circular Perspective on Sanitation and Food Security

Abstract

Closed-loop nutrient cycling is a simple, persuasive and elegant approach to realize efficient natural resource management, improved human well-being and long-term food security. In the spirit of sustainable sanitation through nutrient cycling, this study proposes a new pathway to realize resource recovery from anthropogenic waste fractions by the application of physicochemical separation processes. Microwave Activated Carbon (MAC) prepared from coconut shells (agro-waste) were immobilized on etched glass bead supports and utilized within a continuous flow packed-bed column. Physical adsorption experiments were performed by passing human urine through the column to strip and recover more than 80% of the intrinsic urea. Backwashing of the column was performed to demonstrate the ease of urea-N desorption, reusability of MAC over multiple cycles and the reversible nature of the process. Further nutrient recovery was realized by dephosphatizing the column overflow with MgO to allow phosphate precipitation (>90%) as struvite. Sorption kinetics, behaviour and influence of process parameters were studied by testing the experimental data against Yoon-Nelson, Thomas and Adams-Bohart models. The column adsorption was also numerically optimized using Response Surface Methodology to determine the optimal parameters as: sorbate flow rate 8.5 L.h(-1), urea concentration - 100%, support size - 1 cm and consequently, column capacity of 21.58 g. Nutrient recovery, concentration and recycling from diverted human urine can be seen as a synergistic and circular solution to the issues of sanitation, hygiene, water, and food security. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Keywords

Column adsorption; Immobilization; Activated carbon; Optimization; Wastewater; Ecological sanitation

Published in

Procedia Engineering
2016, volume: 148, pages: 346-353
Title: PROCEEDING OF 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROCESS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED MATERIALS (ICPEAM 2016)
Publisher: Elsevier {BV}

Conference

4th International Conference on Process Engineering and Advanced Materials (ICPEAM), AUG 15-17, 2016, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA

SLU Authors

• Simha, Prithvi

  • Central European University
  • University of Manchester

UKÄ Subject classification

Water Treatment

Publication identifier

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.461

Permanent link to this page (URI)

https://res.slu.se/id/publ/88308