Abstract

Several indigenous cattle breeds in Sweden are endangered. Conservation of their genetic diversity and genomic characterization is a priority.Whole-genome sequences (WGS) with a mean coverage of 25X, ranging from 14 to 41X were obtained for 30 individuals of the breeds Fjallko, Fjallnara, Bohuskulla, Rodkulla, Ringamala, and Vaneko. WGS-based genotyping revealed 22,548,028 variants in total, comprising 18,876,115 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 3,671,913 indels. Out of these, 1,154,779 SNPs and 304,467 indels were novel. Population stratification based on roughly 19 million SNPs showed two major groups of the breeds that correspond to northern and southern breeds. Overall, a higher genetic diversity was observed in the southern breeds compared to the northern breeds. While the population stratification was consistent with previous genome-wide SNP array-based analyses, the genealogy of the individuals inferred from WGS based estimates turned out to be more complex than expected from previous SNP-array based estimates. Polymorphisms and their predicted phenotypic consequences were associated with differences in the coat color phenotypes between the northern and southern breeds. Notably, these high-consequence polymorphisms were not represented in SNP arrays, which are used routinely for genotyping of cattle breeds.This study is the first WGS-based population genetic analysis of Swedish native cattle breeds. The genetic diversity of native breeds was found to be high. High-consequence polymorphisms were linked with desirable phenotypes using whole-genome genotyping, which highlights the pressing need for intensifying WGS-based characterization of the native breeds.

Keywords

Cattle; WGS; Population structure; mtDNA

Published in

BMC Genomics
2024, Volume: 25, number: 1, article number: 89
Publisher: BMC

SLU Authors

• Harish, Ajith

  • Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

• Lopes Pinto, Fernando A

  • Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

• Eriksson, Susanne

  • Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

• Johansson, Anna Maria

  • Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
    

UKÄ Subject classification

Genetics and Breeding
Animal and Dairy Science


Publication identifier

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-024-09959-9

Permanent link to this page (URI)

https://res.slu.se/id/publ/128518