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Research article2016Peer reviewed

Seasonality and nitrogen supply modify carbon partitioning in understory vegetation of a boreal coniferous forest

Hasselquist, Niles; Metcalfe, Daniel; Marshall, John D; Marshall, John D.; Lucas, Richard; Högberg, Peter

Abstract

Given the strong coupling between the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles, there is substantial interest in understanding how N availability affects C cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, especially in ecosystems limited by N. However, most studies in temperate and boreal forests have focused on the effects of N addition on tree growth. By comparison, less is known about the effects of N availability on the cycling of C in understory vegetation despite some evidence that dwarf shrubs, mosses, and lichens play an important role in the forest C balance. In this study, we used an in situ(13)CO(2) pulse-labeling technique to examine the short-term dynamics of C partitioning in understory vegetation in three boreal Pinus sylvestris forest stands exposed to different rates of N addition: a low and high N addition that receive annual additions of NH4NO3 of 20 and 100kg N/ha, respectively, and this is a typo. It should be an unfertilized control. Labeling was conducted at two distinct periods (early vs. late growing season), which provided a seasonal picture of how N addition affects C dynamics in understory vegetation. In contrast to what has been found in trees, there was no obvious trend in belowground C partitioning in ericaceous plants in response to N additions or seasonality. Increasing N addition led to a greater percentage of C-13 being incorporated into ericaceous leaves with a high turnover, whereas high rates of N addition strongly reduced the incorporation of C-13 into less degradable moss tissues. Addition of N also resulted in a greater percentage of the C-13 label being respired back to the atmosphere and an overall reduction in total understory carbon use efficiency. Taken together, our results suggest a faster cycling of C in understory vegetation with increasing N additions; yet the magnitude of this general response was strongly dependent on the amount of N added and varied seasonally. These results provide some of the first in situ C and N partitioning estimates for plants growing under the complex web of resource limitations in the boreal understory.

Keywords

C-13; biomass allocation; boreal forest; carbon cycling; ericaceous shrubs; isotopes; mosses; nitrogen availability; pulse-chase labeling; seasonality

Published in

Ecology
2016, Volume: 97, number: 3, pages: 671-683