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Research article2017Peer reviewed

Novel urinary alkylresorcinol metabolites as biomarkers of whole grain intake in free-living Swedish adults

Wierzbicka, Roksana; Zamaratskaia, Galia; Kamal-Eldin, Afaf; Landberg, Rikard

Abstract

ScopeMost studies on the role of whole grain for health rely on self-reported intake data, which are prone to measurement errors. There is a need for dietary biomarkers that can provide an objective measure of intake. Alkylresorcinols (AR) and their main metabolites 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid (DHPPA) have been proposed as biomarkers for whole grain (WG) wheat and rye intake.Methods and resultsThe medium-term reproducibility and relative validity of four putative urinary AR metabolites (3,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid (DHCA), 5-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl) pentanoic acid (DHPPTA), 2-(3,5-dihydroxybenzamido)acetic acid (DHBA-glycine) and 3,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid amide (DHCA-amide)) as biomarkers for WG intake were investigated. Three-day weighed food records and 24-h urine samples from two occasions 2-3 months apart were obtained from 69 Swedish adults. WG intake was calculated and urinary AR metabolites were analyzed. The medium-term reproducibility determined for DHCA, DHPPTA, and DHBA-glycine varied from moderate-to-excellent (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.63-0.85). Moreover, DHCA and DHPPTA excretion correlated well with self-reported total WG intake (r=0.55, p<0.001 and r=0.42, p<0.001, respectively).ConclusionDHCA or DHPPTA excretion in 24-h urine might be a suitable medium- to long-term biomarker of WG wheat and rye intake. These findings need to be confirmed in populations with low and infrequent WG intake.

Keywords

Alkylresorcinols; Alkylresorcinols metabolites; Biomarkers; Reproducibility; Validity; Whole grain intake

Published in

Molecular Nutrition and Food Research
2017, Volume: 61, number: 7 Special Issue, article number: 1700015
Publisher: WILEY

      SLU Authors

          • Sustainable Development Goals

          SDG3 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

          UKÄ Subject classification

          Food Science

          Publication identifier

          DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201700015

          Permanent link to this page (URI)

          https://res.slu.se/id/publ/92473