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Sammanfattning

Novel associations between exotic pathogens and native insects may result in major ecological and economical losses. In Europe, Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is the only known vector of the exotic pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD). Transportation of goods containing nematode-infested beetles is the main pathway for the spread of the disease. In this scenario, management actions involving early detection and eradication are critical to stop further spread by the vector. Although dispersal of mature M.galloprovincialis has been successfully tracked using commercial baits and traps, dispersal ability of immature individuals is poorly understood. Sexual maturation and other physiological traits related to dispersal were studied for newly emerged M.galloprovincialis after different shoot-feeding spans. Sexual maturation was complete after on average 12 (males) or 13 (females) feeding days. Monochamus galloprovincialis adults emerged with an average of 10% lipid and 23.8% (males) or 29.9% (females) pterothorax muscle content, and these percentages did not change significantly during shoot feeding. Microtomography images of wing muscle structures at different maturation stages confirmed these results. Emerged adults that were kept unfed survived an average of 12days in the lab. The ability of unfed immature insects to fly through hostless terrain was studied by marking and releasing newly emerged insects from a crop area located up to 3km away from two small pine stands. The longest flown distance recorded was 2km. Fitted regressions indicated that immature insects could have travelled up to 3109m to reach the experimental stands. We found that M.galloprovincialis emerge with well-developed thoracic muscles and energy reserves that enable them to sustain long flights over non-forested areas. These findings should aid managers and policy makers in devising sound procedures in areas where the risk of introducing PWD is high.

Nyckelord

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus; pine wilt disease; flight; survival; lipid content; wing muscles; micro-CT; gonad evolution; sexual maturation; Coleoptera; Cerambycidae; nematode vector

Publicerad i

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata
2016, volym: 161, nummer: 2, sidor: 141-151
Utgivare: WILEY-BLACKWELL

SLU författare

Associerade SLU-program

SLU Nätverk växtskydd

UKÄ forskningsämne

Zoologi
Ekologi

Publikationens identifierare

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.12497

Permanent länk till denna sida (URI)

https://res.slu.se/id/publ/82661