Skip to main content
SLU publication database (SLUpub)

Research article2020Peer reviewed

In vitro investigations of the metabolism of Victoria pure blue BO dye to identify main metabolites for food control in fish

Dubreil, Estelle; Sczubelek, Luc; Burkina, Viktoriia; Zlabek, Vladimir; Sakalli, Sidika; Zamaratskaia, Galia; Hurtaud-Pessel, Dominique; Verdon, Eric

Abstract

Although banned, dyes, such as Victoria pure blue BO (VPBO), are illicitly used in aquaculture to treat or prevent infections due to their therapeutic activities. The present study examined the formation of phase I and phase II metabolites derived from VPBO using trout liver microsomes and S9 proteins. The wellknown malachite green (MG) dye was also studied as a positive control and to compare its metabolism with that of VPBO. First, we optimised the incubation conditions for the detection of VPBO and MG metabolites by studying the formation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) substrates. Using the determined conditions (2 hat 20 degrees C), we incubated VPBO with trout microsomal and S9 fractions induced with beta-naphtoflavone, and analysed the supernatant in a LC-LTQ-Orbitrap-HRMS system. The in vitro assays led to the detection of 16 VPBO metabolites from Phase I reactions, arising in particular from reactions with CYP1A. No metabolites were detected from Phase II reactions. The main metabolite detected, deethyl-VPBO, was CID-fragmented to determine its chemical structure, and thus recommend a potential biomarker for the control of VPBO in farmed fish foodstuffs. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords

Dyes; Aquaculture; Chemical residues; LC-HRMS; Microsomes; Cytochromes P450

Published in

Chemosphere
2020, Volume: 238, article number: 124538Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

    UKÄ Subject classification

    Environmental Sciences
    Fish and Aquacultural Science

    Publication identifier

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124538

    Permanent link to this page (URI)

    https://res.slu.se/id/publ/102903