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Research article2016Peer reviewed

The sub-lethal effects and bioconcentration of the human pharmaceutical clotrimazole in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Burkina, Viktoriia; Zamaratskaia, Galia; Oliveira, Rhaul; Fedorova, Ganna; Grabicova, Katerina; Schmidt-Posthaus, Heike; Steinbach, Christoph; Domingues, Ines; Golovko, Oksana; Sakalli, Sidika; Grabic, Roman; Randak, Tomas; Zlabek, Vladimir

Abstract

The aim of this study was to characterize biomarker responses, haematological profiles, structural changes and uptake in juvenile rainbow trout exposed to clotrimazole (CLO) at three concentrations (0.01 - [lowest environmentally relevant concentration], 1.0 [highest environmentally relevant concentration] and 10 mu g L-1) in a semi-static system over a period of 42 days. Antioxidant defence enzymes, which responded to CLO exposure, changed the oxidative stress status of cells, but no differences were observed in lipid peroxidation. Clotrimazole triggered a biphasic response of CYP3A-like activity in liver microsomes, which may indicate a detoxification process in the liver. Histopathological alterations were most pronounced in kidneys and testes in the group exposed to 10 mu g L-1. Structural changes in the kidney included tubulonephrosis and hyaline droplet degeneration in the tubular epithelial cells. The relative proportions of germ cells in testes were changed: The number of spermatozoa was reduced, and the spermatogonia and spermatocytes were increased. The highest CLO concentration was detected in fish liver (3710 ng per gram wet tissue) and kidney (4280 ng per gram wet tissue). Depuration half-life was estimated to be 72,159, and 682 h in liver, muscle, and kidney, respectively.Taken together, these results provide valuable toxicological data on the effects of CLO on aquatic non target organisms, which could be useful for further understanding of the potential risks in the real aquatic environment. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords

Biomarkers; Depuration half time; Hematology; Histopathology

Published in

Chemosphere
2016, Volume: 159, pages: 10-22
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

      SLU Authors

      UKÄ Subject classification

      Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

      Publication identifier

      DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.042

      Permanent link to this page (URI)

      https://res.slu.se/id/publ/77972